{ "dataset": "Citizenship by Investment", "description": "Citizenship-by-investment + fast-track-to-citizenship dataset for /citizenship/. Sourced 2026-07-08 from official government CBI units + OECD/EU/IMF, per Bilal's scope decision. Commercial-only figures are flagged confidence:low. DRAFT for review before building pages.", "verified_date": "2026-07-08", "count": 16, "attribution": "Data by SoloOutpost (https://solooutpost.com). Free to use, please link back.", "programs": [ { "slug": "st-kitts-and-nevis", "country": "St Kitts and Nevis", "iso": "KN", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "St. Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment Programme", "authority": "Citizenship by Investment Unit (CIU)", "authority_url": "https://ciu.gov.kn/", "status_note": "Active. EU (Dec 2025) treats the scheme itself as a Schengen-suspension ground; Ireland reintroduced visas for SKN nationals from 15 Jun 2026; Turkey revoked its visa waiver from 1 May 2025.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Sustainable Island State Contribution (SISC) donation", "min_usd": 250000, "notes": "covers up to family of 4; +25k per dependent <18, +50k per dependent 18+" }, { "route": "Public Benefit Option (PBO)", "min_usd": 250000, "notes": "unit in an approved public benefit project" }, { "route": "Developer real estate", "min_usd": 325000, "notes": "7-year hold" }, { "route": "Private real estate (private home)", "min_usd": 600000, "notes": "7-year hold" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Due diligence, main applicant", "usd": 10000 }, { "name": "Due diligence, dependent 16+", "usd": 7500 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "<18; 18-25 if full-time student & supported; any age if disabled & supported", "parents": "55+ (reduced from 65 in Oct 2024) living with & supported", "siblings": "not listed" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~160-180 days", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Afghanistan", "Belarus", "Iran", "Iraq", "North Korea", "Russia" ], "restricted_source": "https://ciu.gov.kn/eligibility-criteria/" }, { "slug": "dominica", "country": "Dominica", "iso": "DM", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Programme", "authority": "Citizenship by Investment Unit (CBIU)", "authority_url": "https://www.cbiu.gov.dm/", "status_note": "Active (est. 1993). Reformed 2024: min contribution raised 100k->200k, mandatory interviews, 5-year name-change ban. EU/Schengen access still in effect as of 2026-07-08.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Economic Diversification Fund (EDF) donation, single", "min_usd": 200000, "notes": "main applicant only" }, { "route": "EDF donation, family up to 4", "min_usd": 250000, "notes": "+25k per dep <18, +40k per dep 18+" }, { "route": "Approved real estate", "min_usd": 200000, "notes": "3-year hold (5 if onward buyer is also CBI); +government fee 75k single / 100k family" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Due diligence, main applicant", "usd": 7500 }, { "name": "Due diligence, dependent 16+", "usd": 4000 }, { "name": "Mandatory interview, 16+", "usd": 1000 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "<18; 18-30 in higher ed & supported; unmarried daughter <25; any age if disabled", "parents": "65+ supported", "siblings": "not eligible" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~3-4 months", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Belarus", "Russia", "Northern Iraq", "Yemen", "North Korea (conditional)", "Sudan (conditional)", "Iran (conditional)" ], "restricted_source": "https://www.cbiu.gov.dm/dominica-citizenship/banned-nationalities/" }, { "slug": "grenada", "country": "Grenada", "iso": "GD", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Grenada Citizenship by Investment Programme", "authority": "Investment Migration Agency (IMA)", "authority_url": "https://imagrenada.gd/", "status_note": "Active. Notable US E-2 treaty access (in force since 1989). ECCIRA ~30-day presence rule may apply ~2026, not yet in force officially.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "National Transformation Fund (NTF) donation", "min_usd": 235000, "notes": "covers family of up to 4" }, { "route": "Approved real estate, co-ownership", "min_usd": 270000, "notes": "raised from 220k on 1 Jul 2024; 5-year hold; +50k gov fee" }, { "route": "Approved real estate, sole ownership", "min_usd": 350000, "notes": "5-year hold" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Due diligence, 17+", "usd": 5000 }, { "name": "Application, per person", "usd": 1500 }, { "name": "Government fee (real estate route)", "usd": 50000 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "dependent, no min age stated (commercial: <30)", "parents": "dependent (commercial: 55+)", "siblings": "eligible if dependent" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~60 business days", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Iran", "North Korea", "Russia (suspended 2023)", "Belarus (suspended 2023)", "Sudan", "Afghanistan", "Yemen (from Apr 2024)" ], "restricted_source": "IMA notices via Grenadian press" }, { "slug": "antigua-and-barbuda", "country": "Antigua and Barbuda", "iso": "AG", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "contested", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Programme (CIP)", "authority": "Citizenship by Investment Unit (CIU)", "authority_url": "https://cip.gov.ag/", "status_note": "Legally active but CONTESTED: EU Commissioner letter (25 Jun 2026) asked Antigua to phase out its CIP by 1 Jun 2028; PM says it will continue. Threat is to Schengen visa-free travel, not the program's existence.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "National Development Fund (NDF) donation", "min_usd": 230000, "notes": "regardless of family size" }, { "route": "University of West Indies (UWI) Fund", "min_usd": 260000, "notes": "family of 6+; inclusive of processing; +10k per extra dep" }, { "route": "Approved real estate", "min_usd": 300000, "notes": "5-year hold" }, { "route": "Business investment, single", "min_usd": 1500000 }, { "route": "Business investment, joint", "min_usd": 400000, "notes": "per person; 5M total min" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Government/processing, single", "usd": 10000 }, { "name": "Government/processing, family of 4", "usd": 20000 }, { "name": "Due diligence, principal", "usd": 8500 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "0-30 if dependent; any age if disabled", "parents": "55+ dependent", "siblings": "yes if unmarried" }, "residency_requirement": "5 days in first 5 years post-citizenship", "processing_time": "not officially published (~3-6 months)", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "North Korea", "Somalia", "Sudan", "Yemen" ], "restricted_source": "https://cip.gov.ag/faq/" }, { "slug": "saint-lucia", "country": "Saint Lucia", "iso": "LC", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Saint Lucia Citizenship by Investment Programme", "authority": "Citizenship by Investment Unit (CIU)", "authority_url": "https://www.cipsaintlucia.com", "status_note": "Active. EU (2025) named Saint Lucia among 5 Caribbean CBI states warranting visa-free suspension. No suspension in force yet.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "National Economic Fund (NEF) donation", "min_usd": 240000, "notes": "covers up to 3 deps; +10k per dep <18, +20k per dep 18+" }, { "route": "Government bond (National Action Bond)", "min_usd": 300000, "notes": "+50k non-refundable admin fee" }, { "route": "Approved real estate", "min_usd": 300000, "notes": "5-year hold" }, { "route": "Enterprise project, individual", "min_usd": 3500000, "notes": "+50k admin" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Due diligence, main applicant", "usd": 8000 }, { "name": "Due diligence, dependent 16+", "usd": 5000 }, { "name": "Interview/identity, principal", "usd": 500 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "<21; <30 if fully supported; any age if disabled", "parents": "55+ supported", "siblings": "unmarried <18 with parental consent" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~90 days", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Russia", "Belarus", "Iran" ], "restricted_source": "official CIU memo 20 Feb 2023 (via IMI Daily); may have widened" }, { "slug": "turkey", "country": "Turkey", "iso": "TR", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Turkish Citizenship by Investment (Law 5901 Art.12; Reg. Art.20)", "authority": "Presidency + Investment Office", "authority_url": "https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/investmentguide/pages/acquiring-property-and-citizenship.aspx", "status_note": "Active. Real-estate min raised 250k->400k on 13 Jun 2022. NOT on OECD high-risk CBI list. No government donation.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Real estate purchase", "min_usd": 400000, "notes": "3-year title-deed resale restriction" }, { "route": "Fixed capital investment", "min_usd": 500000 }, { "route": "Bank deposit", "min_usd": 500000, "notes": "3-year hold" }, { "route": "Government bonds", "min_usd": 500000, "notes": "3-year hold" }, { "route": "Investment/VC fund shares", "min_usd": 500000, "notes": "3-year hold" }, { "route": "Private pension", "min_usd": 500000, "notes": "3-year hold" }, { "route": "Job creation", "min_usd": 0, "notes": "employ 50 people" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "No government donation/CBI fee", "usd": 0, "notes": "standard tapu/notary transaction costs apply" } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "<18 auto; adult children apply separately unless disabled", "parents": "no", "siblings": "no" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~3-6 months (citizenship phase)", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Armenia", "Syria", "North Korea", "Cuba (indicative, Cabinet-set, not officially published in English)" ], "restricted_source": "Cabinet decision, not published in accessible official English (LOW confidence on the list)" }, { "slug": "egypt", "country": "Egypt", "iso": "EG", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Egyptian Citizenship in Exchange for Investment", "authority": "GAFI (General Authority for Investment)", "authority_url": "https://www.gafi.gov.eg/English/Howcanwehelp/Pages/Egyptian-Citizenship.aspx", "status_note": "Active. Thresholds set by PM Decree 876/2023 (real estate cut 500k->300k). GAFI confirms route STRUCTURE + $10k fee + no-residency + 3-6mo, but does NOT publish exact USD minimums (those corroborated by secondary sources).", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Non-refundable donation to state treasury", "min_usd": 250000 }, { "route": "Real estate (approved projects)", "min_usd": 300000, "notes": "sellable after 5 years" }, { "route": "Business investment + mandatory donation", "min_usd": 350000, "notes": "+100k non-refundable donation (450k total)" }, { "route": "Bank deposit at Central Bank", "min_usd": 500000, "notes": "refundable in EGP after 3 years, no interest" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Administrative fee to Central Bank", "usd": 10000 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "unmarried minors up to 21", "parents": "no", "siblings": "no" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "3-6 months (GAFI)", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "no official exclusion list; open to all subject to security clearance" }, { "slug": "jordan", "country": "Jordan", "iso": "JO", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Investor Citizenship Program (restructured Jul 2025)", "authority": "Ministry of Investment (MoIN) + Council of Ministers", "authority_url": "https://www.moin.gov.jo", "status_note": "OVERHAULED by Cabinet decision 2-3 Jul 2025: eliminated ALL passive routes (old $1M treasury deposit & bonds gone), now active-investment/job-creation only. 500 naturalizations/year cap. Binding figures are in JOD; USD are ~1.41 conversions.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Shares in Jordanian public/joint-stock companies", "min_usd": 1410000, "notes": "JD 1M; 3-year hold; no job requirement" }, { "route": "New project OUTSIDE Amman", "min_usd": 705000, "notes": "JD 500k + 10 jobs; 3-year hold" }, { "route": "New project WITHIN Amman", "min_usd": 987000, "notes": "JD 700k + 20 jobs; 3-year hold" }, { "route": "Employment route (no fixed capital)", "min_usd": 0, "notes": "hire 150 in Amman / 100 outside" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "unmarried daughters any age; unmarried sons <24 (<30 if invest >JD 2M)", "parents": "dependent parents", "siblings": "no" }, "residency_requirement": "none (project routes: temp residency -> 3-yr temp passport -> citizenship)", "processing_time": "~3-6 months to initial approval", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "no official published exclusion list; case-by-case security screening" }, { "slug": "vanuatu", "country": "Vanuatu", "iso": "VU", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "contested", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Development Support Program (DSP); Vanuatu Contribution Program (VCP, Greater China only)", "authority": "Vanuatu Citizenship Commission (VCC)", "authority_url": "https://vancitizenship.gov.vu/", "status_note": "CONTESTED: EU PERMANENTLY revoked Schengen visa-free access. Moved Vanuatu to Annex I (visa-required) via Regulation (EU) 2025/11, in force 3 Feb 2025. Grounds: ~14-day processing, no residence/interview, very low rejection rate. Program figures commercial-sourced (official gov site was down at verification).", "investment_options": [ { "route": "DSP donation, single", "min_usd": 130000, "notes": "commercial-sourced" }, { "route": "DSP donation, couple", "min_usd": 150000 }, { "route": "DSP donation, family of 4", "min_usd": 180000, "notes": "+20k per extra dependent" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Due diligence / FIU fee", "usd": 5500, "notes": "some sources $5,000" } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "<25 if dependent/student", "parents": "50+", "siblings": "unverified" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~1-2 months (marketed fastest)", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Syria", "North Korea", "Yemen", "Russia (2022)", "Belarus (2022)" ], "restricted_source": "commercial-sourced; official list unverified" }, { "slug": "nauru", "country": "Nauru", "iso": "NR", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Nauru Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program (ECRCP)", "authority": "Nauru Program Office Inc.", "authority_url": "https://www.ecrcp.gov.nr/", "status_note": "Active (launched Nov 2024). CONTESTED reputationally: UK removed visa-free/ETA access for Nauru nationals from 9 Dec 2025, citing the CBI program as high-risk.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Non-refundable contribution to Treasury Fund (climate resilience)", "min_usd": 115000, "notes": "base; $90k with $25k promo discount through 31 Dec 2026" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Application, principal", "usd": 5000 }, { "name": "Due diligence, principal", "usd": 6000 }, { "name": "Sibling add-on contribution", "usd": 15000 } ], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "dependent (age cutoffs not published)", "parents": "eligible", "siblings": "eligible (+$15k each)" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~3-4 months", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [ "North Korea", "Iran", "Myanmar (prohibited)", "Afghanistan/Sudan/Yemen/Russia/Belarus (conditional)" ], "restricted_source": "commercial-sourced summary of 2026 policy; official text unverified" }, { "slug": "north-macedonia", "country": "North Macedonia", "iso": "MK", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "contested", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Naturalisation in the economic interest of the Republic (marketed as CBI)", "authority": "Government / Ministry of Interior", "authority_url": "Law on Citizenship + Govt Decree Off. Gazette 9/05", "status_note": "CONTESTED / de facto stalled. EU 2024 report: only ~5 applications, none processed. EU candidate under active pressure to end it. ~121 economic citizenships 2005-2022 (~7/yr) = discretionary, not a functioning program.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Private investment fund contribution", "min_usd": 216000, "notes": "EUR 200k, 2-year hold; fund conditions apply" }, { "route": "Direct investment in new facilities + jobs", "min_usd": 432000, "notes": "EUR 400k + 10 employees for 1 year" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "reported, unverified", "children": "reported, unverified", "parents": "unverified", "siblings": "unverified" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "stalled in practice", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "not confirmed from official source" }, { "slug": "cambodia", "country": "Cambodia", "iso": "KH", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "medium", "program_name": "Khmer nationality by investment/donation (Law on Nationality + Sub-Decree 225)", "authority": "Ministry of Interior", "authority_url": "Sub-Decree No. 225 (1 Dec 2025)", "status_note": "Active but thresholds RAISED SHARPLY by Sub-Decree 225 (1 Dec 2025). Old ~$245k figure is DEAD. Highly discretionary; few foreigners have ever naturalised.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Investment in priority sectors", "min_usd": 1000000, "notes": "KHR 4 billion" }, { "route": "Donation to national budget/humanitarian", "min_usd": 3000000, "notes": "KHR 12 billion" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "yes (family application)", "children": "<18 if also applying", "parents": "unverified", "siblings": "unverified" }, "residency_requirement": "none for investor route; oath before Supreme Court requires travel", "processing_time": "~45 working days statutory review", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "none specified officially; discretionary" }, { "slug": "austria", "country": "Austria", "iso": "AT", "type": "fast_track_naturalization", "status": "active", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Citizenship for extraordinary achievements in the special interest of the Republic (StbG Sec. 10(6))", "authority": "Federal Ministry of Interior (BMI) + Federal Government", "authority_url": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/406/verleihung.aspx", "status_note": "Active but NOT a priced CBI. Discretionary grant for extraordinary achievement; BMI explicitly states 'mere cash flows are not sufficient'. No statutory price. No residency, no language test; prior citizenship retained. Commercial EUR 2-10M figures are NOT official.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Extraordinary active economic contribution (discretionary, no statutory amount)", "min_usd": 0, "notes": "passive investment e.g. real estate does NOT qualify; commercial estimates EUR 2-10M are unofficial" } ], "key_fees": [ { "name": "Standard citizenship-grant admin fees", "usd": 0 } ], "family": { "spouse": "not automatic", "children": "not automatic", "parents": "no", "siblings": "no" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "discretionary, not published", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "none published" }, { "slug": "malta", "country": "Malta", "iso": "MT", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "terminated", "confidence": "high", "program_name": "Citizenship by Naturalisation for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment (former golden passport / MEIN)", "authority": "Community Malta Agency", "authority_url": "https://www.komunita.gov.mt/", "status_note": "TERMINATED. CJEU Grand Chamber ruled 29 Apr 2025 (Case C-181/23) the scheme breaches EU law (Art 20 TFEU, Art 4(3) TEU). Act XXI of 2025 (published 24 Jul 2025) repealed the investor-citizenship provisions. No live investment route to a Maltese passport in 2026. MPRP residency program remains active but does NOT lead to citizenship.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "TERMINATED", "min_usd": 0, "notes": "former repealed route: EUR 600k (36mo) or 750k (12mo) contribution + property + donation" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "n/a", "children": "n/a", "parents": "n/a", "siblings": "n/a" }, "residency_requirement": "n/a (terminated)", "processing_time": "n/a", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "n/a" }, { "slug": "samoa", "country": "Samoa", "iso": "WS", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "dormant", "confidence": "low", "program_name": "Samoa Citizenship Investment Program (Citizenship Investment Act 2015)", "authority": "Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (MCIL)", "authority_url": "https://www.mcil.gov.ws/", "status_note": "DORMANT / paper tiger. In force in law since 2017 but Minister said (Jun 2023) it had 'never been used once'; ~1-2 applications ever, zero grants. Under government review 2025-2026, no reformed program enacted.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Qualifying investment", "min_usd": 1420000, "notes": "SAT 4M; also SAT 2.5M net worth; PR 3 years (15 days/yr) before citizenship" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "provided in Act, unverified", "children": "provided in Act, unverified", "parents": "unverified", "siblings": "unverified" }, "residency_requirement": "3 years PR, 15 days/yr presence, before citizenship", "processing_time": "indeterminate (dormant)", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "applicants with foreign-government ties disqualified; no country list" }, { "slug": "sao-tome-and-principe", "country": "Sao Tome and Principe", "iso": "ST", "type": "direct_cbi", "status": "active", "confidence": "low", "program_name": "Sao Tome and Principe Citizenship by Investment", "authority": "National Transformation Fund, Government of Sao Tome and Principe", "authority_url": "", "status_note": "Newest CBI: launched Aug 2025, first passports reported Jan 2026. Figures from secondary sources pending official verification.", "investment_options": [ { "route": "Non-refundable contribution to National Transformation Fund", "min_usd": 90000, "notes": "single applicant; ~4-6 month processing; visa-free to 60+ countries" } ], "key_fees": [], "family": { "spouse": "yes", "children": "dependent", "parents": "unverified", "siblings": "unverified" }, "residency_requirement": "none", "processing_time": "~4-6 months", "dual_citizenship": true, "restricted_nationalities": [], "restricted_source": "not confirmed" } ] }